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A woman holds a poster reading "Long live our socialist revolution" during celebrations marking the victory on the 65th anniversary of the Bay of Pigs invasion and the declaration of the socialist character of the
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"Chat, who is the best candidate?": Six months out from Brazil's presidential election, AI chatbots are still answering such questions in defiance of new electoral rules banning them from giving voting tips.The head of Brazil's electoral court (TSE), justice Carmen Lucia, warned in January that artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots could lead to the "contamination" of the October vote in Latin America's biggest nation.In March, the court imposed new regulations which restricted how chatbots are allowed to operate during the 2026 election cycle, as well as increased platform liability for false content.The TSE has taken a leading role in the fight against disinformation, declaring far-right former president Jair Bolsonaro ineligible to run for office for spreading false information about the Brazilian electoral system during 2022 polls.The 2026 election is the first major vote to be held since chatbots became widely available in the country.The AI tools have been forbidden from providing recommendations, rankings, or opinions regarding candidates and political parties — even when prompted by a user.However, in tests conducted by AFP weeks after the new rules were set, at least three leading AI chatbots continued to rank political candidates.When asked who the "best candidates for the 2026 elections" would be, ChatGPT, Grok, and Gemini all weighed in."Honest conclusion. The 'technically' best options today: Tarcisio/Zema," ChatGPT responded.The bot was referring to Sao Paulo's powerful governor Tarcisio de Freitas, who has ruled out a presidential bid, and former Minas Gerais state governor Romeu Zema, a possible candidate for the right-wing Novo party.Errors and biasesPresident Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, 80, placed between second and fifth, receiving praise from the chatbots for his "vast experience," but facing criticism for his "advanced age."The veteran leftist is seeking a fourth term in office.His main rival in the polls, Flavio Bolsonaro — son of the former president — came last or did not appear on the lists.Such responses have raised concerns that technology could influence voting in the highly-polarised and hyper-connected country, based on incorrect or biased information.This is because chatbot replies are generated by probabilities based on training data, which may contain errors or biases, said Theo Araujo, director of the Amsterdam School of Communication Research.A study he carried out during 2025 elections in the Netherlands showed that one in ten people were likely to use AI chatbots to seek out information about candidates.Voters assume AI neutralityIn March, AFP's fact-checking team verified as fake an image that allegedly showed Flavio Bolsonaro with Daniel Vorcaro — a businessman under investigation for a major banking fraud scandal that has rattled the country's elite.However, Grok — X's AI chatbot — said the picture was real and even provided a date for the alleged meeting.Araujo said that voters were likely to assume that chatbots were "neutral or objective sources, and consequently process their responses less critically."Some candidates have reinforced this idea.In a post on X earlier this month, Flavio Bolsonaro urged his followers to "ask Chat what the truth is."Many have done so.A quick search on the social network revealed various users asking Grok for voting recommendations."Based on the six criteria outlined in my post, which pre-candidate should I vote for?" asked one internet user, while another asked whether they could trust the results of an opinion survey.No clear punishment Despite the concerns, it is unclear how the TSE's new rule will be enforced, as it does not provide for specific sanctions.The court could order a daily fine, Diogo Rais, a lawyer specialising in electoral law, told AFP.However, the amounts fined are not set in advance and could be challenged in court.When contacted, OpenAI stated that ChatGPT is "trained not to favour candidates" and that it continues to refine its models.Google said that Gemini generates responses based on user prompts, which do not necessarily reflect the company's views.Attempts to contact X were unsuccessful. Related Story
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Columns of fire engulfed a crucial Australian oil refinery after a chain of explosions, authorities said Thursday, as they warned of disruptions to domestic fuel supply.Flames as high as 60m (200 feet) erupted late Wednesday after a gas leak ignited at the Viva fuel plant in Victoria state, firefighters said, one of only two working oil refineries in Australia.The refinery, about an hour's drive southwest of state capital Melbourne, pumps out about 10 percent of Australia's fuel, according to energy company Viva.Fire Rescue Victoria said Thursday the blaze had been contained, although it could smoulder throughout the day.'The whole sky was lit up with the bright flame,' Geelong resident Wayne Gardiner told AFP.The refinery is capable of processing up to 120,000 barrels of oil each day, company figures stated.Analysts said that, together with the Ampol refinery in Brisbane, it produces about 10-20 percent of Australia's total fuel supply.'This is not a positive development,' Energy Minister Chris Bowen said as the nation's fuel supplies are under pressure due to war in the Middle East.Bowen said he had spoken to Viva and the firm was 'very confident they can replace the petrol with imports'.Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, currently visiting Malaysia, said Australia had secured an additional supply of some 100 million litres of diesel from Brunei and South Korea.'This is the first of many expected shipments secured, under the government's new strategic reserve powers,' he told a news conference.The fire ripped through a section of the refinery responsible for the production of high-octane petrol, Bowen earlier said.By triggering isolation valves, other parts of the plant producing jet fuel and diesel had been spared the worst of the blaze.Geographically isolated and with only two oil refineries, Australia is heavily exposed to disruptions in global fuel supply and imports most of its petrol.Canberra urged Australians to ignore the impulse to rush out and panic buy more fuel.'It's important that people buy as much fuel as they need. But no more, no less,' Bowen said.Incident controller Mark McGuinness said a 'significant leak' of highly flammable gases and liquid hydrocarbons had triggered the inferno.'It was quite ferocious. It went from a small fire through several explosions to a large, intense fire,' he told reporters.Images taken Thursday morning showed thick clouds of smoke billowing over the industrial complex.Viva Energy boss Scott Wyatt said it was a 'very challenging incident'.'Production is not our primary priority today,' he told reporters. 'Today it is getting the site safe.'Australia holds roughly 38 days' worth of petrol in reserve, according to government figures, far below the 90-day minimum dictated by the International Energy Agency.While the government has so far resisted moves to ration fuel, it has urged drivers to conserve petrol where they can and to favour public transport if possible.Like most nations in Asia and the South Pacific, Australia is heavily reliant on oil shipped through the Strait of Hormuz, which at one point carried one-fifth of the world's oil and gas.Shipping traffic through the vital waterway has essentially ceased since the United States and Israel launched strikes against Iran on February 28.
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Kemi Seba is pictured addressing a press conference in Paris in this picture taken in 2020. – AFP South African police said they have arrested prominent pan-African and pro-Russian activist Kemi Seba who is wanted by authorities in Benin for backing an attempted coup there, and have launched extradition proceedings.Benin issued an arrest warrant for Seba in December last year for "inciting rebellion" after he publicly supported an attempted coup.Seba, who accuses Benin’s President Patrice Talon of being too close to former colonial master France, posted a video declaring it was "the day of liberation" for his country.The deadly coup attempt on December 7 was put down within hours by the military with support from Nigeria and France.The west African country jailed around 30 people after the coup, most of them soldiers, legal sources told AFP, while several mutineers were still on the run.The 45-year-old Beninese citizen was arrested at a shopping centre in Pretoria along with his 18-year-old son and a South African national, South African police said in a statement late on Wednesday.Seba, who has mostly been underground and much less on social media since the failed coup, could not be reached for comment."Preliminary investigations have revealed that the father is alleged to be a wanted fugitive in France and Benin for criminal activities relating to crimes against the state," the statement said.Seba, born Stellio Gilles Robert Capo Chichi in France to Beninese parents, is an activist who has had his French nationality revoked.He is a vocal critic of French political, economic and military influence in West Africa and has adopted a strongly pro-Russian stance, portraying Moscow as a counterweight to Western influence in the West African Sahel region.South African police alleged that Seba and his son were being assisted by the South African national who they said had been paid approximately 250,000 rand ($15,300) to help them cross the Limpopo River into Zimbabwe, with the intention of proceeding to Europe.Police also confiscated cellphones and approximately 318,000 rand.Seba was appointed adviser to Abdourahamane Tchiani, leader of Niger's military government, after the Sahel state expelled French and other Western forces and deepened security ties with Russia.Seba, his son and the South African citizen were remanded in custody until April 20, the South African police statement said.Talon – who stepped down on Sunday after two five-year terms – has been accused by critics of taking Benin down an authoritarian path.A journalist critical of the government was arrested in 2025 at an event in the Ivory Coast, and returned to Benin.Hugues Comlan Sossoukpe, editor-in-chief of the online newspaper Olofofo, had refugee status in Togo.Several prominent opposition figures have been sentenced to heavy prison terms by the courts while others are in exile.Talon’s finance minister, Romuald Wadagni, was elected president with more than 94% of the vote. Related Story
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Australia's Defence Minister Richard Marles speaks at the National Press Club in Canberra Thursday. (AFP) Australia will raise defence spending to 3.0% of GDP by 2033 as armed conflicts flare worldwide, Defence Minister Richard Marles said Thursday.The new commitment follows pressure from US President Donald Trump's administration for Canberra to boost military expenditure as a share of total annual economic output."International norms that once constrained the use of force and military coercion continue to erode," Marles said in a speech in Canberra, outlining a boost to spending on missile defence, drones and guided weapon stockpiles."More countries are engaged in conflict today than at any time since the end of World War II, and this is occurring across every region of the world."Australia's defence spending had previously been forecast to rise to 2.3% of GDP by 2033.But the country will spend an additional AU$53bn ($38bn) over the next decade when compared to its 2024 defence strategy, Marles said.In the shorter term, spending would climb by an extra AU$14bn over four years.To reach the 3.0% figure, Australia changed how it calculates the defence budget to match a Nato definition that includes factors such as military pensions and defence intelligence.Marles said Thursday this allowed better comparisons with other countries and put Australia ahead of comparable European and Asian nations with a defence spend this year of 2.8%.But the new spending still falls short of the 3.5% of GDP that US Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth demanded Australia shell out last year.Wary of China's navy build-up, US ally Australia has reshaped its defence force in recent years to focus on its missile strike capability and deterring an adversary from its northern approaches.It has also embarked on its largest-ever military spending project to build nuclear-powered submarines next decade under the AUKUS agreement with the US and the UK.Marles emphasised Australia would focus in 2026 on building greater military self-reliance but was not jettisoning its US security alliance, which he said remained "fundamental"."There is no effective balance of power in the Indo-Pacific absent the continued presence of the US," he said.Spending to build a missile defence system will accelerate — up to AU$30bn over the next decade.Another AU$36bn will be spent to build guided missiles locally.Australia's vast coastline and small population have also spurred a focus on developing large autonomous submarines and fighter jets, dubbed the Ghost Shark and Ghost Bat.This week, Canberra said it would boost spending on drones by up to AU$5bn in response to shifts in warfare tactics in the Middle East and Ukraine.Under the AUKUS agreement, the US will sell Australia two nuclear-powered submarines from 2032.Australia and Britain will then build a new class of submarine in the 2040s.Critics have alleged the deal does not guarantee that Australia will ever receive the submarines.
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A man watches television in a restaurant while Chile's President, Jose Antonio Kast, delivers economic announcements during a national broadcast, in Santiago, Chile,on Wednesday. (Reuters) Chile's new president, Jose Antonio Kast, unveiled on Wednesday details of a long-awaited reform package that includes cuts to the corporate tax rate, as his government seeks to revive growth and promote job stability.Some 40 measures were outlined in the package, with Kast saying that it had five main aims: to make Chile more tax competitive, strengthen formal employment, streamline regulations, provide more legal and regulatory certainty and exercise restraint in public spending."This bill is not an ideological agenda. It is a concrete response to ... real emergencies," Kast said in his first address to the nation since taking office last month, urging members of Congress to pass the measures quickly.The right-wing leader has painted Chile, the world's largest copper producer, as a country riddled with organised crime and weak finances.His government has said it wants to lift Chile's economic annual growth to around 4% from last year's 2.5%, though analysts have expressed scepticism about whether the goal is realistic.Kast also lacks a congressional majority, which could hamper his ability to deliver his agenda. Allied right-wing blocs hold just 76 of 155 lower-house seats and 25 of 50 Senate seats.The centrepiece of the bill is proposed gradual cuts in the corporate tax rate to 23% from 27%, which his government has previously said would be over four years. Some opposition members have, however, argued that the real impact of a corporate tax cut remains unclear.Other tax measures include the creation of a tax credit for wage payments, designed to encourage many smaller companies to pay employees on the books instead of under the table."This injects $1.4bn annually into the productive sector, benefits 235,000 SMEs (representing 86% of the credit's recipients), and protects more than 4mn workers. Formal employment will no longer be a penalty but an advantage," he said.Other reforms include steps to speed up the issuing of environmental permits for projects such as mines, a temporary VAT exemption on sales of new homes, 400bn pesos ($450mn) in funds for fire-hit regions and an exemption for homeowners over 65 from property taxes on their primary residence. Related Story
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Peru's presidential candidate for the Juntos por el Peru party, Roberto Sanchez, greets supporters in Lima on Wednesday. (AFP) Leftist congressman Roberto Sanchez and far-right former Lima Mayor Rafael Lopez Aliaga were neck-to-neck Thursday in the race to face conservative Keiko Fujimori in a June runoff vote for Peru's presidential election.Sanchez held a less than 10,000-vote lead over Lopez Aliaga with 93% of ballots counted, as results continued to trickle in through Peru's ONPE electoral office five days after Sunday's vote, which was extended into Monday to accommodate several thousand people who were unable to vote.Sanchez held 11.98% of votes compared to Lopez Aliaga's 11.92%, while Fujimori — the daughter of late former president Alberto Fujimori who is on her fourth run for the job — maintained a comfortable lead with 17.07%.A second-round vote has been scheduled for June 7.The extended vote count has triggered allegations of fraud, notably from Lopez Aliaga, who has called for counting to be suspended.Lopez Aliaga's party has offered 20,000 soles (around $5,830) to electoral workers as a reward for information about "possible irregularities, fraud, or sabotage."He has not produced evidence to back up his assertions, and European Union observers have said they found no concrete evidence of fraud.Fujimori has called for calm."I have chosen not to comment until there is significant progress in the count," Fujimori said at a press conference on Wednesday night. "The result is going to be very close. Every vote will count, and the result is not yet decided."Pre-election surveys suggested that a large number of voters were undecided or unwilling to vote for any candidate in the race, in which a record 34 candidates competed.Markets have reacted nervously to Sanchez gaining ground.He has pledged a new constitution and more state control over natural resources and is an ally of former President Pedro Castillo, who was ousted and jailed in 2022 after a short-lived presidency.Peru, a major exporter of copper and agricultural goods, has faced years of political upheaval with eight presidents in the last decade. Several of its former leaders are behind bars.Despite this, it has long been one of Latin America's most stable economies.Alvaro Henzler, who heads Transparencia, an election-monitoring NGO, told local radio RPP that it may take a couple of weeks to get the full results, with most of the uncounted votes coming from broadly left-leaning rural areas and overseas, where emigrants tend to back right-wing parties."Transparencia is calling for calm and asking people to wait," he said. Related Story
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Julius Malema has said that he will go all the way to the country's top court. Reuters South African opposition leader Julius Malema was sentenced to five years in jail Thursday for firing a rifle in the air at a rally, a judgment that could bar the prominent campaigner from parliament.Soon after, the 45-year-old was allowed to appeal against his sentence by a magistrate in KuGompo City and released until the case is heard by the high court.As the hearing was unfolding, hundreds of supporters of his far-left Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) group gathered outside the court, wearing the party's trademark red berets and singing campaign songs.Legal expert Ulrich Roux said that Malema would not be transferred to jail while the appeal was pending.Malema has said he will go all the way to the country's top court, the Constitutional Court, a process that Roux said could take years.Malema was convicted last year on five charges after firing the gun at a stadium in Eastern Cape province in 2018."It is clear that if crimes are allowed to go unchecked and unpunished, it poses a serious threat to our democratic state," magistrate Twanet Olivier said before delivering the sentence.Under the constitution, a prison sentence of 12 months or more, if confirmed after all appeals, would bar Malema from serving as a lawmaker.That would be a major setback for his party, which has strong support among young South Africans frustrated by the racial inequality that has persisted since the end of white minority rule in 1994.The EFF advocates nationalising mines and seizing land from white farmers.Thursday the court sentenced Malema to five years in prison for unlawful possession of a firearm and two years for unlawful possession of ammunition.It gave him fines for the other three offences, including discharging a firearm in a built-up area, with prison time if he does not pay.The sentences will run at the same time.Malema, dressed in black suit and shirt with a red tie, was released on a warning, meaning that he did not pay bail, but made commitments to appear in court on a future date.The state prosecutor had told the court it would set a bad precedent if Malema got off without jail time and urged the magistrate to impose the maximum possible sentence of 15 years.Malema's lawyers had argued he did not intend to cause harm by firing the gun in a celebratory gesture."They are trying by all means to silence this voice," Malema told hundreds of supporters outside the court in the city of KuGompo, formerly East London, after he was released. "They will never win."Accusing the magistrate of racism, he said: "We are fighting the enemy and the enemy is white supremacy."Malema's sentencing was welcomed by the centre-right Democratic Alliance (DA), the second largest political party in the country after President Cyril Ramaphosa's African National Congress (ANC).The DA is in a multiparty unity government with the ANC but which excludes the EFF.The coalition was formed in 2024, three decades after the end of the apartheid era of white-minority rule."Gun violence is out of control in South Africa, so any crime involving illegal gunfire is extremely serious. It's important to punish illegal firearm crimes harshly," DA leader Geordin Hill-Lewis said. Related Story
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Logo of the Spanish oil company Repsol at a gas station. (Reuters/File Photo) Spanish energy group Repsol said Thursday it has reached an agreement with the Venezuelan government to regain control of its oil business in the country and sharply increase production over the coming years.Repsol's operations in Venezuela have been sharply limited since 2025 after Washington unilaterally revoked its operating license, a move that also affected other foreign companies in the country.The deal will allow Repsol to resume operational control of its Petroquiriquire joint venture created to develop and operate oil fields in eastern Venezuela, the company said in a statement.Repsol said it is prepared to increase gross oil production in the country — which currently averages some 45,000 barrels daily — by 50 % within 12 months and potentially triple output within three years, provided "necessary conditions" are met."This agreement underscores Repsol's commitment to Venezuela, where we have operated continuously since 1993," the company's head of exploration and production, Francisco Gea, said in a statement."We have the assets and the technical, operational, and human capabilities on the ground to increase our production in the country."The deal was signed between Repsol, Venezuela's hydrocarbon ministry and Venezuela's state oil and gas firm PDVSA, which owns 60% of the Petroquiriquire joint venture.A new bonanza from Venezuela's vast oil reserves has been touted after the US captured its socialist strongman Nicolas Maduro in January in a lightning military operation on Caracas.The new authorities, led by interim president Delcy Rodriguez, have cooperated with US President Donald Trump's administration and introduced reforms to liberalise the sector.The US has eased a seven-year-old oil embargo on Venezuela and issued licenses allowing a handful of multinationals including Repsol to operate in the country under certain conditions.US oil giant Chevron and the government of Venezuela signed two deals on Monday that will expand oil production in the country.The possibility of increased Venezuelan oil output comes as global markets face disruptions to Middle East oil supplies from the conflict in Iran which have driven up oil prices.Venezuela sits on the world largest proven oil reserves and the once-thriving sector helped make it one of Latin America's wealthiest countries in the 20th century.But production plummeted during two decades of socialist rule, with observers pointing to underinvestment, mismanagement and corruption, as the country plunged into a protracted political, social and economic crisis.Speaking to AFP in Paris in February, US Energy Secretary Chris Wright said Venezuelan oil production was "a little bit less than a million barrels a day" in January.But output could grow by 30-40% by the end of 2026 — "that's a big deal," he said.
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British Prime Minister Keir Starmer hosts social media industry leaders to discuss child safety online Thursday in London. (Reuters) UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer Thursday hinted at possible measures limiting children's access to social media, as he met senior tech figures and warned: "Things can't go on like this.""They must change because right now social media is putting our children at risk," Starmer told the group who included Wifredo Fernandez of X, Alistair Law of TikTok, Markus Reinisch of Meta, and Ronan Harris of Snap."In a world in which children are protected, even if that means access is restricted, that is preferable to a world where harm is the price of participation," he added.Starmer summoned the social media bosses to the Downing Street meeting, also attended by Technology Minister Liz Kendall, amid growing calls for a ban on under-16s using the platforms.He told the industry leaders he looked forward to working with them on new safeguarding measures, but insisted there had to be change."I do think this can be done. I think the question is not whether it is done, the question is how it is done," he said.The government is considering restrictions on popular social media apps with ministers under pressure to introduce an Australia-style ban.Australia in December became the first nation to prohibit people under the age of 16 from using immensely popular and profitable social media platforms.Greece has since said it will ban social media for under 15s and the European Union has said an expert group will start work this week on recommendations for action across the EU.Starmer has not ruled out a ban, but previously said he was waiting for the outcome of a public consultation, due to close on May 26.He said last month he was "very keen" to tackle addictive features following a landmark US ruling that found Meta and YouTube liable for harming a young woman.Starmer's official spokesperson said the premier had been "clear" with the bosses that he wanted "to know what they're going to be doing, and it has to be done swiftly"."He's asked them to provide assurances on action that they're taking, and it's been clear that companies must be able to show real world changes that make their platforms safer for children."The two chambers of Britain's parliament are currently in a stand-off over whether the government should follow Australia.The unelected upper House of Lords voted in favour of prohibiting social media for under-16s for a second time last month, piling pressure on the government to follow suit.But the House of Commons, where Starmer's Labour party enjoys a huge majority, has twice rejected the proposal. Related Story
